This paper explores how mediators should understand, and how they could address, conservation (including land restoration) in the context of peace negotiations and agreements. It describes why conservation should matter to peacemaking practitioners and highlights the linkages between conservation and peacemaking, focusing on the role of nature as a victim and driver of conflict, as well as the potential for conservation activities to contribute to sustainable peace. Drawing on case studies and examples, it outlines different opportunities to connect conservation with peacemaking activities. These include strengthening natural resource governance (e.g. through dedicated agreements), improving natural resource management at national and local levels (e.g. by supporting the establishment of protected areas and connecting mediation with land restoration efforts), or promoting transboundary management arrangements (e.g. through water diplomacy, transboundary marine resource management, or peace parks).
