Asserting its international role and enhancing climate action are critical to the foreign affairs of the European Union (EU). This should make the external...
Heavily reliant on fossil fuel exports for revenue, Libya has one of the world’s highest exposures to fluctuations in global oil prices. This creates particular...
Given the complexity of the links between climate change, environmental degradation and peace and security, and the impact of these links on different EU policy...
Since the European Parliament issued its resolution on climate diplomacy in June 2018, several important trends have been shaping this area of the EU’s external...
The European Union has recently started in earnest to climate-mainstream its defence and security sectors. It published a Climate Change & Defence Roadmap and...
This report outlines the results of an extensive regional consultation process on climate change and security in South-Eastern Europe, including potential...
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is considered a climate-security hotspot due to its natural water scarcity, low levels of socio-ecological...
Tunisia is one of the countries most exposed to climate change in the Mediterranean. Future projections show more droughts and less rainfall. This particularly...
The impact of climate change is increasing exponentially across the world, and Africa will be one of the hardest-hit regions. North Africa is expected to face...
This report seeks to inform Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinian policy makers, and the understanding of international stakeholders, as they work to meet climate...
Policy coherence for development, or PCD, refers to the need for multiple policies from different sectors to work in unison rather than in opposition to each...
This brief provides an overview of the state of knowledge on transboundary climate risks in Europe, and explores how this knowledge could help Member States...
Over the past 15 years, climate-related risks to peace and stability have risen fast up the European agenda. This report explores the extent to which this...
As the EU revisits and updates its climate adaptation strategy and deals with fast-changing external relations, it is essential that policy-makers consider the...
Africa in general, and the Sahel in particular, is often identified as the region where climate change is most likely to undermine security and trigger violent...
The consequences of climate change are undermining low-income and fragile countries’ development prospects. EU efforts to boost its climate action and finance...
This primer explains the current situation concerning the United Kingdom’s food supply and how this is likely to change in the medium and long term as a result...
The so-called Vulnerable Twenty (V20) Group was established in October 2015 with the inaugural meeting of the V20 Ministers of Finance at the Climate Vulnerable...
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Bank predict that water scarcity, induced by climate change, will potentially reduce GDP of the Middle...
This SIPRI Insights analyses how three regional intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) in Europe with a security mandate — EU, OSCE and NATO — are responding to...